The rules of continuity in editing

The Rules of Continuity in editing

- Shot Reverse Shot - 

This is a film technique which is applied during scenes where there are several characters, this is usually where dialogue is shown between two characters. This links to the 180 degree rule, as this characters looking back and forth at each other.

- Match-on-Action - 

This refers to when one shot cuts to another that depicts the result, or continuation of an action that was shown in the previous shot. This "matches" the action. Match on action creates a continuous feel of time to the shots, as the shot cuts do not tend to be noticeable.

- The 180°Rule -

This is considered an essential to filmmaking and continuity editing. When done wrong, it will affect the overall outlook on the scene, but in some cases, may be an effect the director intended. The purpose of this rule is that the camera should stay on the same side throughout every shot of the scene. When the camera moves across the other side, it is identified as "crossing the line".

Our movie title questionaire

We made our questionnaire on Microsoft office and printed of 20 copies we asked 20 people of ages 15-18 which is our target audience age group to pick the name that most attracted them.

Movie Title ideas

These are the ideas me and Eleanor have come up with for the title of our movie we will create a questionnaire with these ideas and ask for people or our target audience age group to fill them out. This research will give us a better understanding of which movie title better represents our movie and attracts the most viewers


1. MarmaLady
Marma a Sanskrit word meaning hidden or secret connoting secrecy which is reflects on the plot of our story line. Lady referencing to our protagonist a teenage girl who is growing into the lady she wants to be. Marmalady suggesting she is an unnoticed hidden girl who is lady like.

2.Crybaby
this is usually a negative nickname to describe some one childish and over emotional connotes emotion and innocence.
3. Miss ingenious
Miss connotes a young lady,ingenious- meaning innocent and naive.
4. Matchless meaning incomparable

Behind the scenes of filming for our movie trailer

This is a behind the scenes picture of our first dialogue scene between the protagonist Lola and her best friend Sam.We filmed this in my room and we our Mise en scene was done effectively to connote innocence and femininity our themes in this film. I wore very childish pajamas with sheep on them in the colors of baby pink and baby blue which colors associated with children. I also wore my hair in space buns which emphasizes the immaturity of our character in the beginning of the film.The location we used was my own bedroom which was very convenient for us as we could access it when ever we wanted too. My bedding had a flowery pattern representing femininity. We used an additional LED light for our camera to better the lighting.This showed to be an efficient method as we could control the intensity of light.

Target Audience

our Target audience is teenagers,15 and over more likely girls than boys since the protagonist of our story is a teenage girl. Our idea audience will enjoy watching films in cinema in the company of their friends specially films of the coming of age, comedy and teenage romance genre which they can relate to. They will still be in a form of education however may have a part time job of such so that they have enough money to afford going out occasionally to the cinema for example.They enjoy listening to music and will be attracted to upcoming movie's playlists that are similar to indie pop-rock genre.

Film Script

             FILM Script.

Introduction to trailer begins with a serene setting shot of waves hitting the shore as the film institution title appears on top of the waves. A melodic acoustic soundtrack begins playing setting a dreamy theme. 

Voice over narrative:(in a monotone) "have you ever reached that time in life when you feel like you belong and the concept of love...makes sense"

cuts to close up scene of protagonist opening their eyes from a dream.  

voice over narrative: " well that wasn't that time for me..."

cuts to shot of protagonist's feet: Voice over narrative: "yet"

close up shot of the love interest Riki in slow motion.

voice over narrative "Riki was everything.."

shot of Lola the protagonist at school.
voice over narrative:And I wasn't everything.
The ambient music fades as it cuts to dialogue scene of Lola and Sam.
Sam: (in an affirmative tone) "we're going to the party"
Lola(doubtfully) "hmm I don't know"
Sam "Riki's going to be there"
Lola (eagerly) "okay I'm going"
camera cuts to an over the shoulder shot of Sam looking at Lola's outfit.
Lola "what you think?"
close up shot of Sams facial expression.
Sam:(disapprovingly) "you're joking rigtht"
Lola grunting shuts the door and get's changed again,she then comes out again in a very different outfit.Close up of Sam's facial expression.
Sam: (pleased) "much better".
Party scene, there is diegetic music in the background of the party scene and extras in the background of that scene not focused on.Lola and Riki bump into each other.
Lola:(infatuated) "Riki..hey"
Riki:(smiling) "it's Lola right.."
sequence of clips begins in a fast pace.
Lola (looking at Riki)
"do you believe things happen for a reason?"
Riki: "sometimes"
scene cuts to a medium shot of Lola looking at phone with a shocked facial expression, Riki enters the scene Lola turns around and holds up the phone towards his face.
Lola (shouting) "Am I game to you?!"
Riki (in a passive voice) "wait Lola.."
Lola (angrily) "so this was all pretend!"
Riki (desperately) "No Lola! you don't understand, In the beginning yes but then I got to know.."
Lola (interrupting riki) " shut up!"
cuts to scene of Sam following Lola outside
Sam (trying to get Lola's attention) " I was just trying to help you!"
Lola (muttering) "you screwed me over"
cuts to scene of of Lola opening her door to find Riki at her door with a sign saying "sorry".
scene of Lola and Sam riding their bikes as melodic music restarts and fades into the final scene of Lola laying on the grass. 

Research and Planning Feedback

So far you've evidenced some very interesting research - but I'm hoping you'll evidence more of the research into filming techniques you're using.  You also need to evidence more of your planning - scripts, interviews, timeline, and video-diaries about production in order to improve.

THE EDGE OF SEVENTEEN Official trailer.

This is a great example of an upcoming film with the same genre we are basing our movie trailer on.Coming of age/comedy. It begins with a close up shot of the reflection of the protagonist in the mirror.The protagonist's facial expression suggests she does not feel very happy.The editing used in this trailer is effective as she is given prevalence from the very first shot this indicates to the audience that she is our protagonist whom we will either relate or feel sympathy for. Her hair styled in a not ideally fashionable way. there is also what seems to be a red rash around a pimple on her cheek,a stereotypical imperfections  of teenagers.The trailer begins with subtle hitting sound of a drum giving the scene pace and building it up for the next scene.Suddenly it cuts to shot of the movie title and the background sound stops while it goes into a blackout scene this black out scene has been placed there to transition to the next shot the black out suggests to the audience that time has passed. There is then a tracking shot of our protagonist power walking through the school corridor and into a classroom.There is no back ground sound only the sound of the dialogue this is effective editing so that the audiences attention is primarily on what she says which is "I'm going to kill myself".The background sound of the beating comes back again as the teacher in this scene begins to mock the protagonist. This use of juxtaposition reminds the audience of the light hearted comedy genre of this trailer.The scene then cuts to an institution shot that lasts less than a second,as a bass guitar instrument is added to the background music building the scenes up for a climax.The protagonist then starts narrating a voice over which is a typical convention of romcom genres and coming of age genres.The camera introduces us to the setting of the movie by long shots of teenagers at high school. This targets the young audience of 15 and over. The voice over narrative is a technique we are including in our own trailer as well. There are close up shots of her best friend and love interest and her brother this connotes they are important characters in this film.The background music changes immediately after shocking scene in the middle of the trailer, a fast paced piano which gives the scenes following after a emotive mood.There are several quick clips of the protagonist sitting alone, in her bed alone with a slumped body language indicating she is sad. This proposes an enigma for the audience."how will she resolve the problem with her best friend and brother?" "will there be a happy ending for her?".

Story board for our film part1

Part 1 of our story board for our film trailer.

Our own film trailer soundtrack

https://soundcloud.com/le-duckelle-films/Luiza-movie-tune
We decided to make our own original soundtrack, so that we could construct the exact acoustic  and ambient sounds that we want for our trailer. Me and Gabriel Paulielo my brother;who has been playing the guitar from the early age of 7, agreed on a theme tune for the trailer. We researched different soundtracks used for coming of age genre's.  we tried different sets of strings and melodies until we created the most relevant tune.we then spent a couple of hours recording it with our best equipment so that the quality of the sound would be as good as possible. My brother edited it so that there is three layers of separate set of strings.The main set of strings begin and as it picks up pace we include the two other set of strings, my brother used a guitar bottle neck to create a sliding effect this is effective in making the transition from the first set of strings to the second smoother. He also panned the layers from left to right he did this in order to make the soundtrack more organised and sound clearer as when all three layers are in the middle it sounds slightly messy and the set of strings clash together making it sound as one whole set of strings. The panning enables the sound to sound more vibrant and noticeable. Gabriel uses the guitar bottle neck to create the sliding effect towards the end of the track produces a smooth soft finish. It is also an ideal duration of 44 seconds,giving us enough material to work with and include in our introduction and series of clips.But also not too long so that we would have to make several cuts .This ambient sound works successfully in conveying a both a lively and emotive mood. which is what we were looking for.

Film poster

The key heading at the top draws me in as it says "from the directors of jawbreaker" which was a successful teen film. This suggests that this film will be of the same genre. The colours used in this poster are very vibrant and target a female audience as the colours are baby blue, bright shimmering dark pink. and the subheading is in dark turquoise these are colours usually Favorited by girls. These are also happy colours and connote a light hearted theme. The movie title is in huge text in this poster grabbing the audience's attention it is "GBF" these letters refer to "gay best friend" which are usually girls best gay friend's instead of men's. The actresses on the front cover however are not really recognisable, their costume is effective in connoting chick flick genre as they are wearing bright high heals vibrant pretty dresses and the  dark haired one at the back is wearing an evident amount of make up. This portrays the girls to be concerned with their appearances and to be "fashion and beauty" centred which are usually the personality traits girls in chick flicks acquire. for example the protagonist in "legally blonde" and "Wild child". one choice of editing from the poster we might use is the non background imagery. this focuses on the actors instead of the things in the background this is commonly used in romcom posters as well as chickflicks.This centers the attention on the protagonist or key characters. However we will  debate on the title ink and formats as this titles in this poster can come off as over the top and cliche.

Non copyrighted music research

http://www.premiumbeat.com/royalty_free_music/songs/revealing-lights

This is an ambient sound that I found on a non copyrighted music website.I have downloaded it as I like its' pace and rhythm I will consider using this sound for the emotive scenes in our trailer, as I believe it would be effective however I find the use of electronic sounds  to be slightly unconventional as it is usually utilised in suspense,science fiction and action genres. https://soundcloud.com/themistymusicguy/non-copyright-background-music

This second link is the kink to acoustic non copyright music. I find the quality of this second set of melodies much richer and also more conventional to our genre of  happy coming of age genre.This is the type of acoustic strings we want to be played in the beginning of our trailer during the institution tiles,dream sequence and series of clips with out dialogue where we can overlap the narrators voice over. https://soundcloud.com/the-music-god/dubstepinstrumental-background-music-non-copyright

the third sound is the typical non copyright music on the internet as it is electronic house genre.This is actually the music we are trying to avoid as it is the opposite of what we search for.I predict it would not be effective for ambient background movie in our trailer as in my opinion it doesn't convey emotion and the sound is very pulsating and over the top .https://soundcloud.com/freebmusic/krys-talk-fly-away-free-background-music-no-copyright-music Even though I like the instrumental sound in this song as it is quite emotive and slower paced than the others,I dislike the singing.I find the singing unnecessary I believe it would have a negative impact playing during a trailer as this singing distracts the audience from the instrumental side and is too overpowering in this song and would clash terribly with the voice over. vhttps://soundcloud.com/biltmore-voice-and-sound/happy-acoustic-background finally a non copyrighted song that I have found that is almost identical to what we want.It starts if slow with subtle guitar strings and finger clicking sounds and then as it starts to pick up pace piano instrument is added and then some drums. Over all this sound is very up beat and conveys a innocent happy mood that would work well especially with introduction of our trailer.

The Kings of Summer - UK Trailer

This is the film trailer of The kings of summer a comedy/coming of age genre. Which is the type of genre we are exploring in our own trailer.What I find specially effective in this trailer is the use of soundtrack and emotive music.from 0.17 seconds on wards the nondiegetic music begins alongside the production title. There is melody playing that is quite upbeat , we hear guitar strings and a subtle bongo.This gives the scenes a rhythm and pace.This connotes a lighthearted genre and makes the scenes seem funnier.We are looking into including the same type of background music for our own trailer as it will give our sequence's of scenes feeling and mood.This soundtrack progresses as the scenes get shorter and quicker. We are looking to create a melody that can be used in the beginning of our trailer as there are institution titles and the dream sequence starts. Suddenly there is a sound change at 1.26.There is  the sound of a orchestra symphony playing in the background that is very loud and emotive.This music conveys strong emotions and creates Adrenalin through out this scene where we see a problem of conflict, and trials they face maturing into adults. It makes the series of clips flow smoother we want to include the same sort of emotive music that creates this mood in the middle of our trailer, instrumental sounds such as orchestras and pianos are usually the best and conveying emotions.

The Perks of Being a Wallflower soundtrack research

There are various types  of ambient back ground music in this trailer which I found effective.It initially introduces the beginning scene with up beat guitar strings, there is also non diegetic sound of a narrator voice over of the protagonist overlapping the music.This is an editing technique we are looking to include as well.There is also a pause in the music where the protagonist says an important phrase " I really want to turn things around this year" at 0.18. This has been done so that the audience can focus on this phrase and it suggests to the audience that this year is going to be an important one in the protagonists life foreshadowing the plot in the film.The music then pick ups again after this phrase and there is another instrument included in this melody that seems to be a type of maracas. This creates an upbeat pace for the trailer.There is a sound of clapping that is used to transition to another sound of a piano  with a higher pitched set of maracas. That are quicker and include occasional claps this conveys positive and motivating emotions.The music it's time by imagine dragons is then played at 1:30 which is a well known song from a successful band that creates excitement for the target audience as it will be a song that the target audience will be familiar with. the rating 13 and over. Even though I'd love to include a well known song we have to avoid it due to low budget it has to be non copyright sounds and original music. I just find the variation of three different songs to be effective in keeping the trailer interesting.

The edge of 17 film poster

This is the film poster of an upcoming teen film "the edge of 17" after watching the trailer and reviewing the film poster i am very intrigued to watch this movie. It's protagonist is a girl of 17 who is not popular this is very similar to plot for our film.What I really find effective about this poster is the main image of the protagonist mid walking with her shoulders slouched and her head tilted up wards to the ceiling as if she is "fed up" connoting that the main character does not have it all figured out and probably faces stressful situations in this movie. The choice of editing is also very effective as it blurs out the background of the picture which seems to be in a park possibly. This makes the girl stand out more and be the ultimate focus . The sub heading at the top of the poster reads "you're only young once...is it over yet?".This title connotes the "teen coming of age" genre and targets a teen audience. The colors they use in this poster are mostly bright orange and radiant background with white font this indicates that the film is lighthearted and does not pursue the themes of violence danger or horror.I am intending on using the same sort of colors and to stay away from dark dull colors such as grey,dark browns and blacks.

Teen movie cliches

• A misunderstood protagonist with imperfections that we can sympathize with.
• A turn of events such as dramatic make over or change of attitude that benefits one of the main characters.
• dramatic event of the plot occurring in a party.
• the love interests finally confess their love and kiss.
• funny quirky best friend.
• a sad scene of the protagonist crying after a downfall in the middle of the movie.
• a character pretending to be some one else or lying during the movie to reach their objective.